Chlorambucil: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Safety Guide

Chlorambucil – What It Is and When It’s Used

Chlorambucil is a chemotherapy medicine that belongs to the alkylating‑agent family. Doctors mainly give it for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and some low‑grade lymphomas. Think of it as a drug that attacks cancer cells’ DNA so they can’t multiply. If you or a loved one has been prescribed chlorambucil, you probably have a lot of questions about how it works, how to take it, and what to expect.

How to Take Chlorambucil Safely

Chlorambucil usually comes in tablet or capsule form. The dose depends on body weight and the type of cancer being treated. A common adult schedule is 0.5 – 2 mg per kilogram of body weight taken once a day for about a week, followed by a break. Your doctor will write the exact amount on the prescription, so never guess or adjust the dose yourself.

Take the tablet with a full glass of water, preferably with food to lessen stomach upset. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember—unless it’s almost time for the next one, then skip the missed dose and continue as scheduled. Consistency matters because the drug works best when the blood level stays steady.

Regular blood tests are a must. Chlorambucil can lower white blood cells, red cells, and platelets, which increases infection risk and bruising. Your clinic will check these numbers every few weeks, especially during the first two months. Keep a notebook of any new symptoms—fever, sore throat, unusual bruises—and tell your doctor right away.

Common Side Effects and When to Call Your Doctor

Most people feel some nausea or loss of appetite, especially at the start of treatment. Eating small meals, staying hydrated, and taking anti‑nausea meds (if prescribed) usually help. Low blood counts are the biggest concern. If you get a fever over 100.4 °F (38 °C), feel very weak, or notice bleeding gums, call your doctor immediately—these could be signs of infection or bleeding problems.

Other possible side effects include mild hair thinning, skin rash, and occasional liver enzyme changes. Your doctor may order liver function tests to keep an eye on this. If you notice yellowing of the skin or eyes, report it right away.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding are off‑limits while using chlorambucil. The drug can harm a developing baby, so use reliable birth control and discuss family planning with your doctor before starting treatment.

Drug interactions matter, too. Avoid live vaccines (like the nasal flu spray) because your immune system is suppressed. Let your pharmacist know about all other medicines, especially other chemo agents, certain antibiotics, and over‑the‑counter supplements.

In short, chlorambucil is a powerful tool against certain blood cancers, but it needs careful handling. Follow the dosing instructions, attend all lab appointments, and stay alert for side effects. When in doubt, give your healthcare team a call—better safe than sorry.